Marketing plans of pamper baby diaper Essay

A fruitful showcasing is the capacity of an organization to execute plans for origination, dispatch, evaluating, advancement, and circulation of an item or administration to fulfill both; the objective customers’ needs just as organization’s objectives. In this manner, dealing with the market of an item requires huge dynamic concerning distinguishing the objective market, surveying its situating in the brains of purchasers, structuring appropriate valuing strategy, and guaranteeing accessibility of the item to all the client sections. Our goals are to remake the brand and addition more noteworthy piece of the overall industry. we recommend that the organization should do more advancement as opposed to dropping the cost. The manners in which utilized are by promoting through various mediums so as to make customers’ brand mindfulness and dedication towards our items and to expand our business volume. For the principal year, Procter and Gamble will concentrate on serious promoting where Pampers can call attention to their uncommon highlights, uses and points of interest comparative with contending brands. Over the long haul, Procter and Gamble are likewise wanting to agree with medical clinics where specialists and attendants are urged to utilize our items for new conceived babies. With this, we can by implication draw in parents’ consideration and this prompts quality persuading and brand dedication all through all the phases of children development, be it with doctors’ exhort or simply sharing stories among different guardians. The 4-Level of Prizes is another advancement system that we are unequivocally persuaded on. Clients are physcologically headed to continue purchasing Pampers’ items so as to amass focuses and recover prizes. In the perspective on item advancement, we Pampers will improve our items by offering a more extensive scope of sizes, thicker i n breath and eco well disposed diapers. For instance, because of the expansion in the customer’s consciousness of the earth, Pampers will advertise green diapers where every product offering is created to the phase of an infant toddler’s life in like manner. In spending sense, Pampers is contributing expanding benefit to Procter and Gamble by arriving at benefit up to USD 5369 million in year 2008. This number later moved up to USD 5471 million of every 2009 and USD 5736 million out of 2010. By this, we accept we can develop our business and more prominent investor and partner an incentive by carrying advancements to the commercial center that can update the expectations for everyday comforts of buyers at all monetary levels. Activity PROGRAMS Item (What will be finished?) Advancement on thicker diapers with fragrance will be finished. Since pee and movement make terrible smells, Pampers scientists suggested that diapers accompany aroma and thicker in broadness to ingest overwhelming spillages with no scent for extended periods of time. A greater scope of size decisions will likewise be offered to take care of the issue of restricted sizes accessible in market to fit all infants in each stage. Likewise, we are offering eco well disposed diapers whereby these green diapers can be cleaned effectively and recycable. Cost (What will be finished?) Spoils must set sensible costs dependent on its proposed creation cost on material utilized. Additionally, Pampers need to direct reference estimating, which is ever-mindful of what costs their rivals are offering in the market. On the off chance that the costs set is higher than consumer’s desire, shoppers will be bound to go to the competitors’ items. Spot (what will be finished?) Items ought to be put at obvious stores to make clients based mindfulness. Among the spots that are reasonable to disseminate Pampers tests are places like guardians workshop, nurseries, general store, and so forth. Advancement (what will be finished?) Spoils can move business advertisements utilizing various sorts of mediums, for example, TVs and radios. Likewise, advertisers can make use on blogging system. Site posting by certain bloggers who are likewise unseasoned parents can be good examples for their supporters can be helpful as well. Financial plans Spoil Baby Dry diapers spending plans is to accomplish the objective benefit and contend with other contender from year 2008 to 2010.In year 2008 and 2009,Pamper chose to deals the item (Baby Dry Diapers) about $5,395 milion and $5500 milion.Pampers do advertising,promotion and appropriation to accomplish the objective profit.The absolute costs utilized in years 2008 and 2009 is $26 million and $29 million with the distinction $3 million.In years 2010,Pampers deals is $5775 million with the complete costs $39 million.Therefore,Pampers target benefit from years 2008 to 2010 is $5,369 million,$5,471 million and $5,736 million.Overall,pampers can get productive inside this couple of years is because of the advertising,promotion and dissemination. CONTROLS Procter and Gamble Company are extremely positive to accomplish their organization objective. They attempt to expand their organization perceivability, utilizing piece of the pie investigating to rival others contenders and centering in quality control to draw in the Asia showcase. CURRENT MARKETING SITUATION Market Description: Spoils entered the market in year 1961 and has gotten one of the dominators in America. In year 2008, Pampers reported that it would expand costs somewhere in the range of 6% and 8% because of the expansion in the cost of crude materials. Then again, there is various clients who knew about the ecological issues. Along these lines, fabric diapers encountered a little resurgence in year 2008. In any case, clients are more into the effect on the costs and the earth issues. Spoils keeps on making offers and green diapers to fulfill customers’ needs. Item Review: In 2009, USA Market deals came to $5500.17 million with 51.1% gross benefit in June 2009.The item blend for spoils is wide and contains explicit profound line. Spoils Baby Dry had the most profound line with various sizes of diapers and every item had been created to the phase of a baby’s little children life in like manner. Spoils utilized yellow shading to pass on comfort in the consumer’ minds and gave diverse measured bundles. Finally, Pampers Baby Dry diapers offers thicker diapers with aroma to include comfort for extended periods. Serious Review: Pampers’ principle rival in USA is Huggies by Kimberly-Clark, an America enterprise. What's more, they spoke to practically 80% of the complete deals of US showcase in 2009. As a rule, Pampers’ piece of the pie expanded progressivelyâ contrasting to Huggies’. Huggies relies primarily upon retail outlets and showed advancement to burning through $9.1 million on promotions and radio. Conveyance Review: The Procter and Gamble and Kimberly-Clark have had the option to separate their lines from private name through progressively premium item, Americans veered away from the marked makers in 2009.Besides, the increasing expense of crude materials causes the cost increments in year 2009 and these ascents were tempered by the substantial impact which private name has on the classification. In any case, in October 2007, Kimberly-Clark Corp declared will build costs by somewhere in the range of 4% and 7% in year 2008 to help balance the increasing expenses of creation. What's more, The Procter and Gamble would build costs by somewhere in the range of 5% and 8%,while the deals will just increment by 1% in 2008.The concentrated of the spoils, is permitting them to arrive at their objective market by remaining serious with their greatest rival Huggies. Spoils can without much of a stretch found in basic food item, drugstores and retail location, for example, Hypermarket and so on. Finally, Pam pers items are comfort item circulating their item in numerous stores to keep up their piece of the overall industry a d guarantee that their image is consistently the best. Advertising STRATEGY Item procedure Spoils will offer the item with all the highlights that portrayed in the item survey segment. Spoils additionally plan brilliant bundle to draw in more consumers’ consideration and stand apart from the other serious brands. Spoils is a brand that consistently roused by babies needs by keeping them agreeable, cleanliness and dry. The case of item that offered by Pampers will be Pampers New child Sensitive, Pampers Easy Up pants, Pampers Change Mats, etc. Spoils will in general structure their items to fit each formative stage from birth to little child. For a model, buyers can buy the Swaddler line for infants and for the children that slither and 2 years above. Truth be told, client can pick their item by finding reasonable item for their baby’s singular needs by picking Pampers. Estimating Strategy Spoils have wide assortment decision in advertise, It’s a preferred position to expand spoils unit deals. To serious with others organization, Pampers Company picked non value rivalry to concentrating on their item quality. In the event that clients sastisfy with the item quality , they will steadfast with our own item . Spoils Company decided to keep up their item quality in light of the fact that the creating nations as of now have their local item and it’s relative less expensive than spoils item Added that, nowdays parent are more spotlight on item quality than item value, they need to give the best for their youngster. On the off chance that contrast and others brand like Huggies , Pampers is all the more financially and numerous family can reasonable. Circulation Strategy The spoils advertising of appropriation power is high. Spoils are the required for babies, organization will picked the appropriate spots to circulate their item with the goal that it will simple for clients to arrive at their item. Spoils can be found at closest staple, accommodation store , drugstore and retail location, for example, Wal-Mart .since spoils are comfort item, so the spot is critical to serious with others brand and appropriating their item at numerous spots will make it all the more simple for client to arrive at their item . The transportations that flexibly by spoils are trucks, waterways,airways, etc to guarantee that the item are sufficient to fulfill clients need . Advancement To contend with others brand ,The Procter and Gamble organization discovered that, their principle spoils clients are babies , to

How Dickens uses language Essay Example for Free

How Dickens utilizes language Essay There is an assortment of reiteration in the section. Expressions like ‘Dead and Buried’ are rehashed to remind us, as perusers, that a large portion of Pip’s family is dead. The word ‘buried’, proposes that it happened some time back and that he never knew them, which causes us to feel pity and compassion toward the character. Pip discusses his life in the swamp nation, where he dwelled by the stream and close to the ocean. This might feature how Pip (little like a stream), might be associated with an option that could be more noteworthy than he could’ve ever envisioned (like the ocean). Dickens likewise utilizes some intriguing jargon, with captivating symbolism in this entry. For instance he depicts the ocean as a ‘distant savage lair’. The word ‘distant’ tells the peruser that there is an obscure, approaching danger. The word ‘savage’ proposes it was over incredible and savage. At long last, the word ‘lair’ infers a perilous spot, where casualties are taken to be eaten up. This shows the peruser that Pip isn't sheltered, and is by all accounts in grave peril. Similar sounding word usage is another strategy which Dickens has contribution to the entry. The expression ‘low heavy line’, (which portrays the stream), is a genuine case of this. Streams should be a sea-going blue shading, yet Dickens depicts it as ‘leaden’, which is a discouraging dark shading, proposing a dreary setting. At long last, Dickens utilizes third individual in the section, in spite of the fact that this is flawed. In one sentence, Pip goes from describing as a grown-up in the first individual and afterward changes to the third individual, where he glances back at himself as a little kid. This is on the grounds that he is in absolute incredulity at how lost he was, which is viable as the peruser feels confounded, similarly as Pip would have as a little kid.

Are You An Incoming or Current SIPA Student from Mexico COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Are You An Incoming or Current SIPA Student from Mexico COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are an incoming or current SIPA student living in Mexico City you have the opportunity to get together with other students from SIPA prior to the start of the fall semester.   I recently received an inquiry from an incoming student living in Mexico City, Celcilia, who has an interest in getting together with other students in the area.   The following is her message: If you are from Mexico City and will be attending Columbia next fall this message is for you. My name is Cecilia and I will be attending SIPA. I am planning a reunion for future Columbia Mexican Students in Mexico City before we all leave to NYC in order to get to know each other and to exchange experiences about different issues such as housing, travel, phone company etc. If you are interested, please send an email to cf2389 [at] columbia.edu Thanks! Cecilia If other students wish to have similar messages posted to the blog for public consumption please send a message to the Office of Admissions at sipa_admission@columbia.edu.

Exercises in Identifying Adverb Clauses

An adverb clause (also known as an adverbial clause) is a dependent clause used as an adverb within a sentence. These types of clauses can modify the whole sentence, as well as verbs, adverbs, and adjectives, and may show aspects such as time, reason, concession, or condition. These clauses often start with words such as (while, if, because, when, although, unless, since, so that, whereas, even if, in case, as long as) and other words. In contrast, an adjectival clause will modify a noun and start with a relative pronoun (that, who, whose, whom, or which) or a subordinate conjunction (when  and  where). Before doing these exercises, you may find it helpful to review the study sheet Building Sentences With Adverb Clauses. Practice Identifying Adverb Clauses Each of these  proverbial sayings contains an adverb clause. Identify the adverb clause in each sentence, and then compare your answers with those below. While the cats away, the mice will play.A lie travels around the world while truth is putting her boots on.If you dont know where you are going, any road will get you there.Memory is deceptive because it is colored by todays events.Never look down on anybody unless youre helping him up.You have to kiss a lot of toads before you find a handsome prince.Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.Life is what happens when you are making other plans.As soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily appealing.Everything is funny, as long as its happening to somebody else.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.If you want something done right, you have to do it yourself.When the going gets tough, the tough get going.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.Cowards die many times before their death.Dont cross the bridge till you come to it.Dont put the cart before the horse. Answer Key In the following sentences, the adverb clauses are in  bold print. Examine what word or phrase theyre modifying and what aspect they show (time, reason, concession, or condition). For example, in sentence 1, the clause refers to the time that the mice will play. While the cats away, the mice will play.A lie travels around the world  while truth is putting her boots on.If you dont know where you are going, any road will get you there.Memory is deceptive  because it is colored by todays events.Never look down on anybody  unless youre helping him up.You have to kiss a lot of toads  before you find a handsome prince.Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.Life is what happens  when you are making other plans.As soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily appealing.Everything is funny,  as long as its happening to somebody else.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. If you want something done right, you have to do it yourself. When the going gets tough, the tough get going.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.Cowards die many times before their death.Dont cross the bridge till you come to it.Dont put the cart before the horse.

10 Facts About Utahraptor, the Worlds Biggest Raptor

God Is Love Free Essays

â€Å"God is Love. † This simple yet complex statement is found only twice1, 2 in the Bible and is commonly presented out of context. It is generally misunderstood and often circulated in a fashion that leads many into Hell. We will write a custom essay sample on God Is Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now The statement –while very easy to make and accept when presented in its undefined form– has a depth of reality far beyond what the average person wants to know even though such knowledge is critical to salvation. 1. â€Å"Whoever is without love does not know God, for God is love. † [1 John 4:8 ] 2. â€Å"We have come to know and to believe in the love God has for us*. God is love, and whoever remains in love remains in God and God in him. † [1 John 4:16] * This usage of the term â€Å"us† refers only to men of faith. In the following important prelude to the above passages the term â€Å"if† is used five (5) times. Entry into eternal life must always be considered as conditional: â€Å"Now this is the message that we have heard from him and proclaim to you: God is light, and in him there is no darkness at all. If we say, â€Å"We have fellowship with him,† while we continue to walk in darkness, we lie and do not act in truth. But if we walk in the light as he is in the light, then we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of his Son Jesus cleanses us from all sin. If we say, â€Å"We are without sin,† we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we acknowledge our sins,3 he is faithful and just and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from every wrongdoing. If we say, â€Å"We have not sinned,† we make him a liar, and his word is not in us. † [1 John 1:5-10] 3. â€Å"Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained. [John 20:23] — This authority was given by Jesus to the eleven apostles –even though only ten were present at the time– and to their validly ordained successors on Easter Sunday during His first visitation with them. All validly ordained priests (also known by the terms presbyters and elders) have this authority even though not materially present during this visitation. NOTE: The references in the book o f Hebrews to Jesus being High Priest should be seen as a clear statement that there were other priests serving under His authority. (Priests can only be ordained by someone with demonstratable authority from God to ordain. They can never be elected or self-appointed. ) It must be understood that true love reflects the totality of goodness. Absolute goodness resides in God alone and is shared by Him with those who have sincerely sought association with Him. When one honestly seeks out God one is looking for that fullness of truth found only in God. A fullness of truth that few have any real desire to put into practice. Those who eventually reach Heaven have all truth present to them and can utilize any truth they seek, but they remain incapable of possessing at any given time the totality of truth. Goodness is dependent upon truth and truth leads to justice. Not only must one desire truth and make a sincere effort to acquire all of the spiritual truths that are available and within one’s capacity to understand, but one must also be willing to put them into practice as opportunities present themselves. Without truth their can be no understanding of goodness and goodness demands service to God and neighbor according to the teachings of Jesus, Son of Man/Son of God. Justice is a cohort of goodness and has as its foundation the Word of God that is always truth. Justice is the exercise of works in the service of both positive and negative commands of God – what one must do and what one must not do to obtain eternal happiness. Good deeds are meritorious works (witnesses to faith), benefitting the Heavenly Kingdom, that are performed by those who still reside in this life. While no quantity or quality of works can substitute for the salvific act accomplished once by Jesus on the cross – that allowed access to Heaven to those judged worthy (Matthew 25:32), they are necessary witnesses to that love of God which is required for one to enter Heaven. Again, the mercy of God has been made obtainable only through the redemptive act of Jesus. Prior to this act no one was permitted entry into Heaven no matter how worthy they might be deemed to have been including Able, Enoch, Abraham, Joseph, Moses and many others. The ultimate mercy –redemption from the sin of Adam that caused separation from God– is received only by those who have put the fullness of God’s Word (commands – direct or implicit) into practice by actions of faith. Summarization: God is love and love is shed upon those who seek knowledge of required truths that lead to the practice of justice in respect for the goodness of God. A greater appreciation of God can be obtained by meditating upon the qualities or attributes of God. Anyone who pursues truth and practices justice is loved by God, that is, comes under the umbrella of that love which can be received from God alone. For those who do not pursue goodness, through the seeking of truth and the practice of justice, God is for them anger, hatred and wrath. To be a recipient of salvation/mercy one must sincerely develop a full love of God and pursue Him through the practice of justice that can be understood only through the acquisition of spiritual truth. One must develop a sincere interest in God, listen –accept and practice– to His word, and grow in God’s love. God is love for those who love truth and practice justice and mercy –Reference the Corporal and Spiritual Works of Mercy– according to His will. This is the true meaning of the phrase, â€Å"God is love. † One should never mistake the statement, â€Å"God is Love,† to mean that God does not condemn those who do not seek His love according to His (God’s) definition of love while sincerely seeking His mercy. Those who ask for His mercy must be sincerely repentant, turn their lives around, and develop a humility that allows them to be of true service to the Lord through service in this life demonstrated in the form of good deeds/good works. Without the witness given by good works, any protestation that one loves God or has faith in God is meaningless. God’s mercy –salvific act of redemption for people of active faith– does not benefit those who culpably profess a false position of faith or love. In effect such people are lovers of evil and servants of Satan. God is good. Goodness loves and associates with that which is good. Perfect goodness –which is the nature of God– is only able to associate with that which has been made/becomes perfectly good. Perfection is not gratuitous. Absolute perfection is necessary before one can enter the presence of God. If perfection is not achieved in this life by those not condemned to Hell, then it must be obtained through a purification process in an intermediate state of existence. In this state –referred to as Purgatory by those who accept Catholic doctrine (mandatory for Catholics)– one’s attachment to any imperfections, brought about by self-will, is gradually overcome. The removal of attachment to sin –often a degree of denial relating to bad habit(s) not fully dealt with in this life– is facilitated through the application of that degree of encouragement (pain) that proves necessary over an extended period of time to make one accept the necessity of turning away from accumulated dysfunctional desires and activities that had been accepted by the spiritual mind. It should be understood that many opportunities (much encouragement) are presented while in this life to turn away from sin. Problems and sufferings in this life were meant to focus one’s attention and reliance upon the stated will of God. One must learn to accept what is universally good instead of that which is only self-serving. In life one is given instructions and at times painful encouragement that is focused upon turning one away from sin and all attachment to it. Purgatory is for those who have only made a partial effort at turning away from association with sin. Please keep in mind that there are no free rides into Heaven, for anyone. Further, there is no simple method for gaining perfection at the conclusion of life. After years of stubbornness relating to the retention of wrong doing one should not expect to be instantly made perfect. No one is gratuitously made perfect as this would limit that quality of free will which is necessary for one to effectively share with God in eternal life to the degree deserved through meritorious actions during life. Those who are not redeemable (unrepentant grave sinners) through a process of purification are condemned to eternal suffering commonly referred to as Hell. Eternal suffering is necessary for incorrigible sinners. They have eternally living spirits that would be destructive to the harmony of Heaven if allowed freedom. Ceaseless pain keeps them from developing into a force that would be disruptive to those living in eternal happiness. When one fails to adhere to the commands of God –statements of His will that are either positive or negative– one is not in the love of God. Everyone wants to be able to do things their own way. They want to consider their way as the right way. This is a product of egocentrism (self-centeredness). Most are not willing to accept that God’s way is the product of great wisdom known through the explicit true teachings of the one authorized and unified (under supreme but controlled papal authority) Church established by Jesus. The avenue of established truth does not often agree with one’s personal preferred way. God is love, but He is also light, truth and justice. Mercy is a by product of justice and while necessary for salvation it is not gratuitous even though Jesus’ redemptive act was gratuitous. Mercy is not granted to those who do not have sincerity of repentance. Everyone must make a humble request for mercy that has been warranted as worthy of being granted through meritorious deeds. Depending upon circumstances such deeds can be either simple or complex. SUMMARY: God, being love, has the perfection of that love which is goodness. He sheds Light (knowledge) upon those who seek truth and then put the acquired truths into practice (justice – good works versus misdeeds or indifference). One who truly loves God will act in a way that demonstrates a sincere love of God. One must give God sincere worship and humble himself before Jesus. Service to Jesus is through placing into action spiritual knowledge that has been obtained. A major part of learning is focused upon love of neighbor. The simple way to accomplish this is to put into practice the Golden Rule, that is, â€Å"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. † The corporal and spiritual works of mercy are of major importance in relation to serving others in this life in the service of almighty God. How to cite God Is Love, Papers

Logistics System Analysis of BHP Billiton-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about BHP Billiton and Optimisations techniques related to different issues. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is one of the largest mining companies in the world. It is an Anglo-Australian multinational company that deals with mining, metals and petroleum. It is the fourth largest company in Australia. This company also have many projects in several countries worldwide. There are many challenges and issues related to different fields of the company. The hydraulic fracturing management is one of the challenging tasks faced by the company (Andrews 2016). For the betterment of the hydraulic fracturing management system solutions are required to be taken. The main competitors of BHP Billiton are Agnico Eagle Mines Limited, Alamos Gold Inc., Alexo Resource Corp, Alio Gold Inc., Almaden Minerals, Ltd., Americans Silver, AnalogGold Ashanti (Chen 2016). Project management is an important task to resolve the problems regarding a project and managing it. In an organisation there are many big problems related to the projects that have to be solved in a planned way. There are various things regarding project management like initialising the target, understanding the problem, estimating the cost of the project and assigning the task to the different team members. In this report the overview of project management in accordance with the problem is discussed in details. The discussion contains real data and practical cases related to BHP Billiton. About BHP Billiton and optimisations techniques related to different issues BHP Billiton is an Australian company which has headquarter in Melbourne, Victoria. In 2015 BHP Billiton became the worlds largest mining company. It was formed in 2001 through the merger of the Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP). It serves worldwide. Jacques Nasser is the chairman of the company. Andrew Mackenzie is the CEO of the company. This company mainly extracts Iron ore, coal, petroleum, copper, natural gas, nickel and uranium. It collects almost A$ 30.9 billion as revenue (Bossi 2017). It has an operating income of US$6.2 billion (Boud et al. 2014). It gets profit worth US$ 6.2 billion. It has more than 65000 employees. Aussie minerals and oil company BHP Limited acquired UK miner Billiton plc in 2001. As a result a dual-listed company has been formed as a single entity. It is one of the largest diversified natural resources companies. The competitors of BHP Billiton are Agnico Eagle Mines Limited, Alamos Gold Inc., Alexo Resource Corp, Alio Gold Inc., Almaden Minerals, Ltd., Americans Silver, AnalogGold Ashanti (Chen 2016). Till now BHP Billiton has managed to become the biggest business entity in the market of oil and minerals extraction. There are many challenges in the business of oil and minerals extraction. From designing the mineral extraction process to the last stage of supplying the minerals to different places, there are many stages that should be executed in proper way (Dodds 2015). In this organisation the main challenges are safety of the coal workers, creating proper automation system, maintaining transportation cost. There are many optimizations techniques that are used as the solution of the problems. The solutions may contain different techniques like linear programming, sensitivity analysis, network model, integer programming, project management, waiting line models, simulations. Here we mainly emphasise on project management as the main technique to solve the issues (Cosens 2015). As BHP Billiton is one of the largest mining organisations in the world, the project management is hard job to do. A huge amount of data is present for the analysis of different stages of the business. It is a big task to r esolve the problem and handle the big data related to it. Identification of the problem in BHP Billiton In this report the problem regarding the hydraulic fracturing management is discussed. There are many safety related issues as well as cost related issues present in this report regarding the hydraulic fracturing management. Real data and current status of hydraulic fracturing management by BHP Billiton In this report the discussion is drawn on the responsibility of managing hydraulic fracturing by BHP Billions. During the recent downturn in the oil and gas industry we continued to make progress on optimizing and simplifying the hydraulic fracturing operations while maintaining our strong focus on protecting the health and safety of the workers and communities and limiting our impact on the environment (Hubbard 2017). The drilling and completions activities during fiscal year 2016 were limited to Eagle Ford ad Permian. Since 2011 the company follows the main principles which are followed by all the workers and management of the company. These principles say that the endeavor to be the safest company in the industry, protect the land where the workers operate, safeguard and manage water resources, minimize air emissions from our operations, and be a good neighbor to the communities. The workers carefully develop and rigorously implement safety and operating systems, properly train th e people, and do not compromise our standards (Larson and Gray 2013). They only work with contractors who share our commitment to safety, and the company develops relationships and partner with the host communities which border our areas of operation. Workers construct and operate our facilities in an environmentally sensitive manner and the company conducts environmental assessments prior to initiating construction to minimize the impacts of the operations (Piper 2016). All of the shale plays maintain a plan that includes controls to manage impacts to land and biodiversity, and the intent is to restore the environment to its pre disturbance condition or better when workers leave. Reducing and Reporting Toxic Chemicals workers report the ingredients of the fracturing fluids used for well completions into Frac-Focus, the hydraulic fracturing chemical public disclosure registry. We are partnering with responsible service companies who are working to reduce the number and toxicity of c hemicals that we use in fracturing fluids. The company does not use benzene, toluene, methylbenzene or xylem (BTEX) or diesel in our fracturing fluids, and for a high percentage of our wells we disclose all of the ingredients and additives by name and Chemical Abstracts Service Number with the maximum percentage responsibly managing hydraulic fracturing 1 BHP Billitons fiscal year. Some proprietary chemicals were eliminated entirely from use (Larson and Gray 2013). Frac-Focus allows the company to work with the vendors to apply a systems approach to improve the transparency of reporting chemicals company use to the public. Water management is also an important part of the safety program. The waste management, well integrity and the monitoring of the process is important in case of water management (Kenny and Manvell 2014). The checking of the wells and drilling of the shale play an important role in the maintenance and management of well integrity. Pressure testing of the casing of each section, evaluation of the quality of the cement is required for the betterment of the service during the water management. Here are some details of the drilling of the well. Beginning in 2015 company voluntarily implemented an ongoing pre-drilling groundwater monitoring program in the active drilling areas of our shale operationswhich include the Eagle Ford and Permian shale plays. Groundwater monitoring is not applicable in Fayetteville and Haynesville due to the suspension of drilling operations in FY2016 (Cosens 2015). The procedure begins by identifying registered water wells within a 1,500-foot radius of each new well pad using geographic information system (GIS) mapping. Company then contact landowners to confirm the locations of any water wells in use, both registered and non-registered, and obtain landowner permission and an agreed date to sample the wells. Shale plays Total water use 1000bbls Groundwater 1000bbls Surface water use 1000bbls Produced water recycle 1000bbls Total water intensity bbls/mmbtu Eagle Ford 25047 25047 0 0 0.079 Fayetteville 8 0 8 0 0.0001 Haynesville 0 0 0 0 0 Permian 7273 5609 0 1663 0.134 Table 1: The water consumption details and the intensity are given below in table. Shale Plays Total fresh water use 1000 bbls Groundwater 1000 bbls Surface water use 1000 bbls Fresh water intensity bbls/mmbu Eagle Ford 25,047 25047 0 0.079 Fayetteville 8 0 8 0.0001 Haynesville 0 0 0 0 Permian 7273 1579 0 0.029 Table 2: FY2016 fresh water consumption and intensity Shale Plays FY15 FY16 wells % wells % Eagle Ford 237 0 147 0 Fayetteville 5 0 0 0 Haynesville 25 0 5 0 Permian 44 0 32 0 Total 311 184 0 Table 3: Percentage of wells completed that experienced well integrity failures that resulted in release to environment The main problem regarding water management is the presence of toxic chemicals present in the water. There are many toxic chemicals that are present in the underground water that mainly contains mercury, arsenic and other presence of heavy metals. The company does not use benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene or xylene or diesel in the fracturing fluids and for a high presence of the wells it is not disclosed about the ingredients and additives by name and chemical abstracts service number with the maximum percentage. At the drilling operations in Eagle Ford and Permian we utilize a mobile reverse osmosis system to produce potable water and ice from local well water for workers living on site and to treat wastewater for use down hole during drilling (Paul 2016). This system eliminates most trucking of water and wastewater into and out of our drilling camps and reduces overall trucking on location by an average of about 39 trucks per month, equivalent to about 117,000 fewer truck miles travelled in FY2016 and eliminating 95 per cent of truck traffic into the drilling camp. It also promotes sourcing from a locally based small-to-medium enterprise. The water intensity of the operations is directly related to the level of drilling and hydraulic fracturing activities underway. Water intensity is not applicable in Fayetteville and Haynesville due to the suspension of drilling operations in FY2016. In the Eagle Ford and Permian shale plays where drilling and hydraulic fracturing work continues the water intensity is shown below (Poff et al. 2016). Permian total water intensity is higher because the overall production volumes from this newer shale play are lower in relation to the level of drilling and completions activity. However, the fresh water intensity is lower in the Permian due to produced water recycling and use of brackish groundwater (Price 2015). Cost is also an important issue regarding the hydraulic fracturing management. The cost is high for using large number of labors during the drilling. The amount differs for different places and it should be optimized for better hydraulic fracturing management. Data Collection Techniques of data collection The information regarding the problems and the hydraulic project management are collected from various sources. The main sources are the websites, individuals of BHP Billiton. Information is collected by observation and analyzing techniques of different facts of the organisation. Interviews were also taken from the person to collect several data from him. Persons who were interviewed for the information. The project manager and the project director of BHP Billiton were interviewed to get the idea about the issues regarding a project of the organisation and also the solving techniques used to solve those problems. Why he/she is the right person of providing the data. Project manager is the person who takes the main initiatives and makes the principles of the project. He is acknowledged about all the information regarding the planning, distribution of works and other parameters related to the project. Project director makes the proper execution of the plans and the work. Project director has all the information record and the impact of the analysis of the data. Summary of the data which is collected After an accredited laboratory analyzes the water samples, it is recorded that the results in our internal data base, and provide a copy of the results to the landowner. The water intensity of the operations is directly related to the level of drilling and hydraulic fracturing activities underway. Water intensity is not applicable in Fayetteville and Haynesville due to the suspension of drilling operations in FY2016. In the Eagle Ford and Permian shale plays where drilling and hydraulic fracturing work continues the water intensity is shown below (Poff et al. 2016). Permian total water intensity is higher because the overall production volumes from this newer shale play are lower in relation to the level of drilling and completions activity. However, the fresh water intensity is lower in the Permian due to produced water recycling and use of brackish groundwater (Price 2015). Cost is also an important issue regarding the hydraulic fracturing management. The cost is high for using lar ge number of labors during the drilling. The amount differs for different places and it should be optimized for better hydraulic fracturing management. Discussion about project management In this report project management is mainly highlighted as the optimization technique. The optimization technique is used to solve different challenges regarding different projects in BHP Billiton (Burke 2013). BHP Billiton is one of the biggest organisations in the mining industry. It has a large variety of tasks that cannot be executed without proper planning and estimation of each stage of the tasks. Project management deals with initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing the task or the work given to a particular team to achieve specific target maintaining all the conditions (Cosens 2015). A project is a generated to produce a particular solution or result or service which has predefined starting and ending. A project is normally constrained by time and funding. In a project there is different type of works that should be done in a synchronised way so that the proper execution of the work is done. Generally a project is given to a team. In a team there are different people having different ability. So it is easy to solve all the problems regarding a project in a team environment. In project management the main work is distributed among different members of a team (Kenny and Manvell 2014). The main part of project management is to optimize and allocate the necessary inputs and apply them to meet predefined objectives. Project management has different approaches to handle a project like phased approach, lean approach, iterative approach and incremental approach. In the phased approach the main work is distributed in a series of different stages that have to be completed. The main stages are initialization, planning, design, construction, monitoring, controlling and completion or closing (Hay et al. 2017). The stages of project management depend on the type of the organisation. For a company dealing with construction, has different stages from a company that deals with IT projects. The lean approach in project management is important to focus on delivering value with less waste and reduced time. Iterative and incremental project management is used for huge projects in which phased approaches cannot be used. Constraints like time, resources are important factors in project management. To execute the projects in proper way one must analyse all the possibilities regarding the results and steps during the project. When there are uncertainties regarding a project, then project management follows the critical chain approach (Hubbard 2017). Critical chain project management also deals with time and resource constraints (Williamson 2016). The target of Critical chain project management is to scale up the amount of projects in an organisation. A well planned approach to project management is the product based planning, that depends upon the identification of all the products or project deliverables that helps to achieve the project objectives. It sets up a well planned project in output oriented way and not in activity or task orien ted way. In process based management the use of maturity models like capability maturity model and OPM3 are observed. The OPM3 maturity models refer to such project management techniques that can perform successfully, consistently and predictably for executing the strategies of an organisation (Meyer 2014). In case of project production management the use of operation management is done to the supply of capital projects. The management of a project depends on a aspect of the production where the project transforms inputs like materials, information, labour, plant and machines. In case of benefits realization management the main importance is put upon outcomes or the benefits of the project. The example of providing a project to the needed things can agree to provide a computer system which will analyze information and payrolls. Initiating a project is the first step of project management. In this step the nature and the scopes of the project are identifies (Leach 2014). It is very i mportant to understand the business need of the project in order to make the project successful. The understanding of the business environment is important here to understand the challenges regarding it. The initiating stage of the project management should include the steps to solve different problems related to it. The steps are processing the business elements for making the goals, monitoring the process, analysis of the costs and financial elements and the advantages like budget, analysis of stakeholders and the persons needed for the project, project managing including schedules, costs and deliverables and detailed discussion in strength, weakness, opportunities and threats to the business. The next step of project management is to plan in the correct way. Planning is not only the most important part of the project management system, but also it is related to finalise the project into correct direction. The team as well as the authority take an important role in implementing th e planning. The team should perform in accordance with the plan for finalising the project (Theodori et al. 2014). When the project is already started, then it is lead to a level of details. There are also many steps in planning process of project management. Those are determining how to plan and develope the aspect. The next steps are selecting the team which will work in the planned way. Identifying the deliverables is the next important step. Making the structure of the system is one of the most important steps in project management. The next step is to develop quality measures and the approval for starting the work. Finding and understanding the responsibilities in each step is important for the team members as well as managing body to make the project successful (Vajargah and Oort 2015). The other steps are executing, monitoring and controlling. Execution is an important part of the project management. The main essence of execution is that the planning which is done for getting the result of the project is implemented in the proper way due to execution. The execution and the implementation of the phase ensure that the steps of the project management are executed properly. Monitoring is one of the important parts of project management and it consists of the processes that are performed to observe project execution so that potential problems can be identified in a timely manner. The next step is about the monitoring. Monitoring consists of those processes that are performed to see the project execution for identification of potential problems. Controlling is the step of project management that helps the steps to be optimized in order to meet with the proper planning. Controlling includes different types of modulation processes for the proper execution of the main project. Project management is one of the best methods to optimize the problems related to a project. There are many challenges during performing a project. The project management is the chosen among the other methods as it is a method where predetermined planning is done. Due to planning and estimation of the stages regarding the project it is easy to estimate the possibilities and can take proactive measures to control the problems. Analysis of the situation regarding the hydraulic fracturing management In the above discussion of hydraulic fracturing management many issues and problems are identified. These issues regarding the drilling of well, presence of toxic chemicals in the water can lead to serious problem. Different optimization and steps are taken in order to overcome the problems regarding the hydraulic fracturing management. In this report the application of project management is used to optimize and overcome the challenges present due to the reasons which are already discussed (Schwalbe 2015). There are many important steps in project management analysis. In the first step the initialisation of the task is done. In the initialisation process the stages of project management are discussed and the problems are identified. After identifying the problems, those should be discussed in details to understand deeply. The next stage of project management is planning (Valipour 2015). Planning of the project is the most important step of the project management. In this step all the estimation and the distribution of the work are done. Then the program should be executed in proper way to make the project successful. In project management generally an excel sheet is prepared that is used to assign the task among different people of the organisation. The estimation of cost and time is also done in order to execute the project in proper way (Verzuh 2015). The finalisation of the project depends upon the proper distribution of work and the estimation of the cost and time in project management. In this project there are many issues regarding the hydraulic fracturing management. First proper machines should be arranged for drilling and the cost should be estimated. Then the labour cost should also be estimated and the task should be distributed among the workers for proper execution of the project. Conclusion BHP Billiton is one of the largest mining companies in the world. It is an Anglo-Australian multinational company that deals with mining, metals and petroleum. There are many challenges and issues related to the hydraulic fracturing management of this company. For the betterment of the hydraulic management system solutions are required to be taken. From the above discussion it can be concluded that the hydraulic fracturing management of BHP Billiton can be more advanced with the help of project management. In this report different aspect of project management is discussed to solve the problems related to the hydraulic fracturing management. For proper completion of the project the estimation and the planning of all the stages are important to be decided. There are lots of factors which should be remembered at the time of planning about the project. In this report the arrangement of drilling machines for extracting water from well is done and also different methods are discussed for r educing the amount of the labour cost. Recommendations: From the above discussion the followings are recommended It is recommended that machines with better technologies should be used in order to make the hydraulic fracturing management more advanced. The cost of the project can be decreased with the application of the automation systems as discussed in the report. Project management takes an important role in order to solve the problems regarding the hydraulic fracturing management. The steps discussed in the project management part should be followed to make the project in a planned and well structured way References Andrews, M., 2016. 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